For fungicide options please see Table 14 on page 64 of the 1998-1999 New England Apple Pest Management Guide. The table also gives spray intervals in relation to rainfall amounts for each fungicide option. Note that summer pruning, which increases air circulation, also aids in disease management.

Apple Maggot Flies -

Apple Maggot Fly (AMF) traps should be up in orchards to determine when damaging numbers are present. At the UVM HRC, we have reached a cumulative trap capture average of 5.2 flies/baited trap which is at threshold for baited traps (i.e., cumulative average of 5 AMF/trap). Non-baited trap threshold = cumulative average of 2 AMF/trap).

Placement of traps is important. Traps should be hung in trees along the edge of your block closest to an abandoned orchard, a stand of woods, or if these are not present, choose the southern edge of the block. Space traps at least 30 feet from each other, on the outside edge of the canopy, at least 6 feet high. Position traps so they are surrounded by fruit and foliage but in full light and not obstructed by either the fruit or foliage. Traps should be checked at least once per week. If you reach the action threshold and treat, trap captures can be ignored for the time period in which the spray residue is protecting the fruit (approx. 10-14 days for a full rate application). Traps should be cleaned of all flies and re-coated if necessary. Another treatment is warranted if cumulative trap captures again reach 5 AMF/baited trap or 2 AMF /non-baited trap.

Second generation sap-feeding mines are becoming visible on the undersurface of leaves. Moths have been emerging from the first generation mines for the past 3 weeks. Most of the population should be in the sap-feeding stage when 500-700 DD (Base 43) have accumulated from the start of moth flight. At the UVM HRC, we have just reached 526 DD. Provado is effective against sap-feeding larvae and has a low impact on predator mite populations. Threshold = 1-2 sap-feeding mines/leaf.

Nymphs are being observed in orchards. This is the stage that is most susceptible to insecticide treatment. A half-rate of Thiodan will manage populations. Suggested threshold = 1 nymph/leaf.

The following chart appeared in an earlier issue of IPM News but is included again here for your convenience. To conserve any T.pyri predator mites that might be in your orchard and thus enhance biological control, Pyramite would be the first choice, then Kelthane if miticides are needed. Thorough coverage is required for optimum control. Note that Pyramite is restricted to two applications with an application interval of 30 days between sprays.

** Take middle age leaves from anywhere