1996-1997 New England Apple Pest Management Guide

Editor: Glen W. Koehler Section Editors: Entomology: Lorraine M. Los Horticulture: William G. Lord Pesticide Labels: Lorraine M. Los, Jennifer Clark Pesticide Safety: James F. Dill Plant Pathology: Daniel R. Cooley Weed Science: David A. Kollas

CONTENTS

Authorship and Credits (inside front cover)

Part I--Pest Biology, Monitoring, and Management

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Apple Pest Management Calendar (Table 1)
• IPM Resources (Table 2)
• Apple Scab Biology and Epidemiology (Tables 3, 4, Figure 1)
• Apple Scab Management
• Scab-Resistant Cultivars (Table 5)
• Other Apple Diseases (Tables 6, 7)
• Insect and Mite Pests
• Apple Pest Chronology for Southern New England
• Biological Control Agents (Table 8)
• Nematodes
• Orchard Voles
• Deer
• Rabbits
• Trunk Painting for Bark Protection

Part II
Pesticide Safety, Selection, and Application

• Pesticide Safety
• Prepare for Emergencies, Phosphate Poisoning 45
• Your Responsibility as a Pesticide User 45
• Field Use and Care of Respirators 46
• Acute Toxicity of Pesticides (Table 9) 46
• EPA Definition of Inconsistent with the Label 48
• Protecting Water Quality 48
• Restricted Entry Interval, Pesticide Residue Tolerance, and Preharvest Interval (Table 10) 48
• Worker Protection Regulations 51
• Pesticide Storage and Disposal 53
• Winter Pesticide Storage (Table 11) 54
• Notes on Fungicides and Bactericides 55; 60
• Activity Spectrum: Apple Fungicides (Table 12) 60
• Characteristics of Scab Fungicides (Table 13) 61
• Fungicide Options for Flyspeck (Table 14) 62
• Notes on Insecticides and Miticides 63-68
• Poisoning Hazard to Honey Bees (Table 15) 68
• Pesticide Toxicity to Selected Predators (Table 16) 69
• Activity Spectrum of Apple Insecticides (Table 17) 70
• Notes on Rodenticides 70
• Fruit Finish and Phytotoxicity (Table 18) 72
• Spray Mixture Incompatibility (Table 19) 74
• Sprayer Calibration 76

  Tree Row Volume and Sprayer Setup 78

  Measuring Sprayer Output 79

  Adjustments for Different Blocks 81

• Spray Strategies 82

  Common Problems in Spray Programs 86

  Groundcover Management and Herbicides 82

• Groundcover Management 89

  Herbicides and their use 89-91

  Notes on Herbicides 92

  Calibration for Herbicide Sprayer 94

• Herbicide Selection (Tables 20-22) 98
• Protection for Non-Bearing Trees (Table 23) 99
• Pesticide Options for Bearing Trees 109

Part III Growth Regulator, Thinning,
Calcium, and Post&shyp;Harvest Treatments

• Fruit Elongation for Delicious 110
• Chemical Thinning (Table 24) 113
• Reduction in Russeting of Golden Delicious 113
• Sprays for the Suppression of Shoot Growth and Promotion of Flowering 113
• Calcium Application (Tables 25, 26) 114-116
• Chemical Control of Water Sprouts, Root Suckers 116
• Ethephon to Promote Red Color and Ripening 117
• Preharvest Drop Control (Table 27) 118
• Storage Scald Control (Table 28) 119

INDEX inside back cover

EMERGENCY telephone numbers back cover

New England Apple Information Manager