The UVM Apple Program:
Research and education for the commercial tree fruit grower in Vermont and beyond...
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The UVM Apple Program: Research and education for the commercial tree fruit grower in Vermont and beyond... |
Introduction to Apple Horticulture in Vermont by Terence Bradshaw. General Introductory information for beginning and veteran apple growers in Vermont.
"Before You Start an Apple Orchard" -- very informative resource from the University of Minnesota on the important considerations, commitment, and cost of starting a commercial apple orchard
Home Orchard Resources: (1) Home Orchard Considerations -- University of Minnesota (2) Cornell Guide to Growing Fruit at Home (3) Penn State's Fruit Production for the Home Gardner
Labs to send Soil and Leaf Samples for Analysis - The following are potential options of labs for soil and leaf analysis. It is recommended that you contact the lab for instructions and costs before samples are sent. Plus, it is important to confirm that they will send recommendations along with the analysis. (1) University of Maine Analytical Lab: http://anlab.umesci.maine.edu/ (2) University of Massachusetts Soil and Tissue Testing Lab: http://www.umass.edu/plsoils/soiltest/ (3) Cornell Nutrient Analysis Lab: http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/ [Unfortunately, UVM cannot provide analysis and recommendations.]
Dr. Terence Robinson's 2006 VTFGA presentation on Apple Varieties and Rootstocks - note that this is a large file and will take some time to download.
Dr. Terence Robinson's 2006 VTFGA presentation on Modern Apple Training Systems- note that this is a large file and will take some time to download.
Horticulture Presentations by Dr. M. Elena Garcia - Apple Botany and History; Calcium Uses in Apples; Cold Hardiness; Light Interception of Apple Tree Canopies; Pruning; Topworking Apple Trees
Summary of UVM Apple Cultivar Evaluation (1995 NE-183 planting): 1998-2000
Critical
Spring Temperatures
| Bud Stage | Silver Tip |
Green Tip |
Half-inch Green |
Tight Cluster |
First Pink |
Full Pink |
First Bloom |
Full Bloom |
Post Bloom |
| Ave. temp. for 10% kill2 | 15 |
18 |
23 |
27 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
| Ave. temp. for 90% kill2 | 2 |
10 |
15 |
21 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
1For Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Winesap approximately one degree hardier; Rome Beauty, two degrees hardier, except after petal fall when all varieties are equally tender
2 Avg temperatures found by research at the WSU Res. and Ext. Center, Prosser, to result in 10% and 90% kill
A resource that includes the above apple information with colored photos of bud stages and information on other tree fruits is at:
http://orchardkeeper.com/pdf/IllustratedSpringFrostDamageThresholds.pdf
Last Modified = by LPB