Table 16 - Pesticide Toxicity to Selected Predator Species
Relative toxicity of pesticides to various beneficial arthropods at recommended field rates: Amblyseius fallacis, Typhlodromus pyri, and Zetzellia mali (predatory mites), Stethorus punctum (ladybird beetle mite predator), and Aphidoletes aphidimyza (cecidomyiid aphid predator).
|
Pesticide: Trade Name (common name) |
A. fallacis |
Z. mali |
T. pyri |
Stethorus |
Aphidoletes |
|
Insecticides |
|||||
|
* Ambush, Pounce (permethrin) |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+ |
|
* Asana (esfenvalerate) |
+++ |
no data |
+++ |
+++ |
++ |
|
Digon (dimethoate) |
+++ |
no data |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
|
Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) |
no data |
0 |
no data |
+ |
no data |
|
D.z.n. (diazinon) |
no data |
no data |
no data |
++ |
+++ |
|
* Guthion (azinphos-methyl) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+++ |
|
Imidan (phosmet) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
++ |
|
* Lannate (methomyl) |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
|
Lorsban (chlorpyrifos) |
++ |
+ |
++ |
+ |
+++ |
|
Provado (imidacloprid) |
+ |
no data |
+ |
++ |
no data |
|
Sevin (carbaryl) |
++ |
++ |
+ |
+++ |
+++ |
|
* Supracide (methidathion) |
+ |
no data |
+++ |
no data |
no data |
|
* Thiodan (endosulfan) |
+ |
no data |
+ |
++ |
++ |
|
* Vydate (oxamyl) |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+ |
++ |
|
Miticides |
|||||
|
Apollo (clofentezine) 1 |
no data |
no data |
no data |
+ |
no data |
|
Carzol (formetanate) |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
++ |
no data |
|
Kelthane (dicofol) |
++ |
no data |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Oil |
+2 |
no data |
+3 |
+ |
no data |
|
Omite APPLE LABEL REVOKED |
+ |
++ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Morestan (oxythioquinox) |
+ |
no data |
++ |
no data |
++ |
|
Savey (hexythiazox) 1 |
0 |
no data |
0 |
0 |
no data |
|
Vendex (hexakis) |
+ |
+++ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Fungicides |
|||||
|
Bayleton (triadimefon) |
+ |
no data |
+ |
no data |
no data |
|
Benlate (benomyl) |
+4 |
+++ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Captan |
+ |
no data |
+ |
no data |
+ |
|
Cyprex (dodine)5 |
+6 |
no data |
+6 |
no data |
+ |
|
Manzate (mancozeb) |
++ |
no data |
+ |
no data |
no data |
|
Polyram (metiram) |
+6 |
no data |
+6 |
no data |
+ |
|
Rubigan (fenarimol) |
+ |
no data |
+ |
no data |
no data |
|
Sulfur |
+6 |
no data |
+6 |
no data |
no data |
|
Thiram |
+6 |
no data |
no data |
no data |
no data |
|
Topsin-M (thiophanate-methyl) |
no data |
no data |
no data |
no data |
no data |
*
restricted use pesticidesInformation compiled from 48-hour residue tests and field tests done at New York Agricultural Experiment Station (NYSAES), and data from other states (PA,NJ,NY,VA,WV). Pesticides with a long residual period, such as pyrethroids, will have a more negative impact than pesticides with short-lived residue, i.e. some organophosphates.
0 = No impact on population
+ = Low impact on population (less than 30% mortality after 48 hours)
++ = Moderate impact on population (between 30% and 70% mortality after 48 hours)
+++ = Severe impact on population (over 70% mortality after 48 hours)
1 - Where no data is listed, little or no impact expected due to timing restrictions on use.
2 - Moderate impact on eggs. Low impact on immatures.
3 - Moderate impact on eggs and immatures. Low impact on adults. However, general population recovery occurs within 7 days. This information is from field tests conducted at the NYAES.
4 - Benlate suppresses egg-laying almost completely and is harmful to immature A. fallacis. But applying Benlate once or twice per season may cause no more lasting effect on predatory mites than other fungicide options.
5 - Same active ingredient as Syllit. Formulation differences between Syllit and Cyprex could affect rating.
6 - This information derived from 24-hour slide dip tests conducted at NYSAES.
* Adapted from: Management Guide for Low-Input Sustainable Apple Production, 1990, USDA et al., and 1996 Pest Management Recommendations for Commercial Tree-Fruit Production, A.M. Agnello, W.F. Wilcox, , J. Kovach, and W.C. Stiles. Cornell Cooperative Extension publication. Additional data from manufacturers.
On to Activity Spectrum of Apple Insecticides